With the counts challenged in each appeal printed in bold, the charges and the results were as follows:

No. 25433 (FC-CR No. 02-1-0016)

No. 25434 (FC-CR No. 02-1-0021)

Count 1:     January 26, 2002, Violation of an Order for Protection, HRS § 586-11. ⁽³⁾

No. 25435 (FC-CR No. 02-1-0057)

Count 1:     Sometime between January 28, 2002 through February 18, 2002, Violation of an Order for Protection,
                  HRS § 586-11.

Aul argues that "the trial court erred in convicting [Aul] of the offense of violating an order of protection under HRS § 586-11 in Count 3 of No. 25434, and the court also erred in convicting [Aul] of Criminal Contempt of Court in No. 25435" because there was insufficient evidence to (1) "[show] that [Aul] made the telephone call on January 30th for a purpose not authorized," and (2) prove that "[Aul] was given an official 'process, injunction, or other mandate of the court' to appear at a given place, date, and time." (Emphases in original.)

In No. 25434 (FC-CR No. 02-1-0021), we affirm the judgment convicting Aul of a January 30, 2002 Violation of an Order for Protection, HRS § 586-11.

In No. 25435 (FC-CR No. 02-1-0057), we reverse the judgment convicting Aul of an April 2, 2002 charge of Criminal Contempt of Court, HRS § 710-1077(1)(g).

On January 29, 2002, in FC-D No. 01-1-0190, a divorce case initiated by Karen Aul (Karen) against Aul, Judge Murashige, after a hearing on January 11, 2002, entered two orders on January 29, 2002. The first was an Order Re: Plaintiff's Motion for Temporary Relief Filed December 6, 2001 and Defendant's Motion for Temporary Relief Filed December 17, 2001. This order stated, in relevant part, as follows:

2.     [Karen] shall be awarded temporary primary physical custody of [Daughter] (female, July 6, 1996).

. . . .

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that this Family Court Order for Protection is issued pursuant to HRS, Section 586-5.5, and remains in effect until [July 11, 2002].

X     [Aul] is prohibited from telephoning, writing or otherwise electronically communicating (by recorded message, pager, etc.),
         including through third parties, with [Karen] and any children residing with [Karen].

. . . .

X     [X] Day visits only on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at the Kilauea Neighborhood park from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Duringsaid visitation, [Aul] shall not remove [Daughter] from the Kilauea Neighborhood park. [Karen] may be physically present during [Aul's] visitation with [Daughter].

(Footnote added.)

On January 28, 2002, Karen brought Daughter to the Kilauea Gym for her visitation with Aul. According to Karen, the weather that day was "dumping rain" so Karen brought a plastic bag with five books for Daughter and Aul to read. Karen "pulled up right next-door to his truck because it was raining so hard." Aul stayed in his truck for "quite a long time" so Daughter "crawl[ed] out of the car seat and . . . climbed up into the front passenger seat." Karen testified that the following events then occurred:

Q. Once he did get out of his vehicle what did he do?

Aul visited the Hanalei police station later that day. Officer Kennison Nagahisa (Officer Nagahisa) testified that Aul "basically came into the substation to talk to an officer pertaining to a protective order with his wife . . . . And he basically was asking me questions . . . about the protective order. But he didn't have a copy with him so I was unable to determine if he violated at that point." According to Officer Nagahisa, Aul told him that "he did call Karen to ask about their child and visitation rights. And he also stated that he did ask - talk to her about their relationship, and he wasn't sure if that was a violation of the protective order at that time."

Karen testified that "[p]robably about two weeks" after the January 28, 2002 rainy day visit, Aul and Daughter "had begun visitations at the visitation center and [Daughter] brought [the book The Prince of Egypt] home with her from the visitation center." This was one of the five books Daughter left in Aul's truck at the Kilauea Gym during the January 28, 2002 rainy day visit. Starting on the blank page just inside of the book's front cover, and ending on the next page, Aul wrote a letter that stated:

I would do anything to get back to where we were B-4 all this sinning started the devil has a good grip on me, but I see now and only now how good and special you are to me I'll never forget how much you loved me you R my only true love I'm so weak wish you would give me another chance you're the only one who ever loved me, I feel so bad and left out forever Boy I'm I stupid please forgive me. You know I was good to you some of the time, think back, 'its not that hard to do, we had fun. And the best sex ever! I'll never have another like you I know and it makes me sick and real sad. What was I thinking or was I? I guess not, your so right I learned so much latley. I blue it. I'm such a stupid guy I cant belive its coming to an end I wanted to be old w/you and only you, your the only love of my life I would love to talk to you, but some how I understand your very disaponted with me, I betraded you and I get what I desurve, but not by keeping [Daughter] away from me She need her daddy and I need her too! She gives me a reason to keep on going on. I'm sick without you guys in my lonely life Life real suck's without you! I hate it I so sorry I will make it up to you give me a chance. I do anything, $, love, work anywhere do anything you want me to do I'm really drug free I know you don't belive me but, I am. if you call I wouldent tell anyone

Karen testified that she purchased the book after February 3, 2001 and, therefore, the "2-3-01" date was not accurate.

On March 14, 2002, Police Officer Sylvester Oliveira (Officer Oliveira) confronted Aul about the letter Aul wrote in the book. According to Officer Oliveira, Aul initially "denied writing the letter to his wife. He said that he wrote the letter to his daughter." However, when Officer Oliveira was asked how Aul responded when shown a copy of the letter, this was Officer Oliveira's response: "Oh yes . . . he smiled and he told me that he did write the letter . . . after he was caught by his wife having an affair." Officer Oliveira further testified that he then arrested Aul and "gave him a court date, Family Court on April 2nd at 1330 hours, which is 1:30 p.m." It appears that Officer Oliveira communicated this notice of court date and time orally and not in writing. There is no evidence of a written notice. Aul did not appear at the scheduled hearing.

A jury-waived trial on all of the charges was held on June 10, 2002. At the conclusion of the trial, the court orally decided, in relevant part, as follows:

Appellate review of a circuit court's findings of fact in a pretrial ruling is conducted according to the following standard:

Appellate review of factual determinations made by the trial court deciding pretrial motions in a criminal case is governed by the clearly erroneous standard. A finding of fact is clearly erroneous when (1) the record lacks substantial evidence to support the finding, or (2) despite substantial evidence in support of the finding, the appellate court is nonetheless left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. The circuit court's conclusions of law are reviewed under the right/wrong standard.

State v. Locquiao, 100 Hawai`i 195, 203, 58 P.3d 1242, 1250 (2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted) (quoting State v. Harada, 98 Hawai`i 18, 22, 41 P.3d 174, 178 (2002)). "A conclusion of law that is supported by the trial court's findings of fact and that reflects an application of the correct rule of law will not be overturned." Dan v. State, 76 Hawai`i 423, 428, 879 P.2d 528, 533 (1994) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

Substantial evidence is "credible evidence which is of sufficient quality and probative value to enable a person of reasonable caution to support a conclusion." State v. Richie, 88 Hawai`i 19, 33, 960 P.2d 1227, 1241 (1998) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

Aul argues that "there was insufficient evidence to convict [him] of HRS § 586-11 and § 710-1077."

Regarding the challenged conviction of the HRS § 586-11 charge, Aul notes that (1) the January 29, 2002 Order for Protection permitted him to have "LIMITED contact with [Karen] by telephone/in person for the purpose of . . . visitation . . . or mediation sessions[,]" and (2) Karen "didn't remember what he said." Aul argues that since the "phone call on January 30th fell within the scope of the limited contact allowed by the [January 29, 2002] Order for Protection, the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that HRS § 586-11 was violated."

This point has no merit. Although Karen may not have remembered what Aul said to her when he phoned her on January 30, 2002, there is evidence that after Aul called Karen, he went down to the police station and told Officer Nagahisa that he called Karen to "ask about [Daughter] and his visitation rights and to talk about their relationship." As noted above, the January 29, 2002 Order For Protection states that

X     [Aul] is prohibited from contacting [Karen].

X    [Aul] is prohibited from telephoning, writing or otherwise electronically communicating (by recorded message,
      pager, etc.),
      including through third parties, with [Karen] and any children residing with [Karen].

When Aul knowingly contacted Karen to discuss a topic other than visitation, he violated § 586-11. Therefore, we affirm the conviction of Count 3 of FC-CR No. 02-1-0021 (No. 25434), which is the conviction of the January 30, 2002 violation of the January 29, 2002 Order for Protection.

With regard to the § 710-1077 charge, Aul contends that "the State failed to show that [Aul] was given an official 'process, injunction, or other mandate of the court.'" Aul notes that the State's Exhibit P-4, which is a certified copy of the court minutes for the family court on April 2, 2002, "merely shows that [Aul] did not show up for court on that date." The only relevant evidence is Officer Oliveira's testimony that he told Aul to show up at "Family Court on April 2nd at . . . 1:30 p.m." The State responds that "it is the well established process that after being arrested and upon being released on bail that criminal defendants such as Aul are given a date to appear in court. This is the process of our courts to efficiently administer the criminal justice system."

The relevant questions are (1) When "criminal defendants such as Aul are given a date to appear in court," who gives the date? and (2) Is this alleged "process of our courts" authorized by law?

HRS § 803-6 (Supp. 2003) ⁽⁶⁾ describes the actions that must and may be taken by the person making the arrest during and after an arrest. The first procedure described is the procedure that (a) may be used by a police officer "[i]n any case in which it is lawful for a police officer to arrest a person without a warrant for a misdemeanor, petty misdemeanor or violation[,]" and (b) must be used by (i) a police officer in all other cases, and (ii) all non-police officers authorized by law to make the arrest. This first procedure is described in HRS § 803-6(a) as follows:

§ 803-6 Arrest, how made.  (a) At or before the time of making an arrest, the person shall declare that the person is an officer of justice, if such is the case. If the person has a warrant the person should show it; or if the person makes the arrest without warrant in any of the cases in which it is authorized by law, the person should give the party arrested clearly to understand for what cause the person undertakes to make the arrest, and shall require the party arrested to submit and be taken to the police station or judge. This done, the arrest is complete.

The second procedure is an option available (a) only to a "police officer" and (b) only "[i]n any case in which it is lawful for a police officer to arrest a person without a warrant for a misdemeanor, petty misdemeanor or violation[.]" This second procedure is described in the remainder of HRS § 803-6 as follows:

(b)     In any case in which it is lawful for a police officer to arrest a person without a warrant for a misdemeanor, petty misdemeanor or violation, the police officer may, but need not, issue a citation in lieu of the requirements of (a), if the police officer finds and is reasonably satisfied that the person:

(1)     Will appear in court at the time designated;

(2)     Has no outstanding arrest warrants which would justify the person's detention or give indication that the person might fail
          to appear in court; and

(3)    at the offense is of such nature that there will be no further police contact on or about the date in question, or in the immediate
         future.
 

(e)  If a person fails to appear in answer to the citation; or if there is reasonable cause to believe that the person will not appear, a warrant for the person's arrest may be issued. A knowing failure to appear in answer to the citation may be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment of not more than 30 days or both.
It is clear that the "citation" permitted by this second procedure is a written/printed document. There is no evidence that such a written/printed citation was issued to Aul. Officer Oliveira's oral notice of "a court date, Family Court on April 2nd at 1330 hours, which is 1:30 p.m." was not authorized by HRS § 803-6. 

If Officer Oliveira had issued a written/printed citation in compliance with HRS § 803-6, Aul's failure to appear on the date stated on the citation (a) possibly would have been a violation of HRS § 803-6(e), but (b) would not have been a violation of HRS § 710-1077(1)(g) because Officer Oliveira is not an officer or agent of a court and a written/printed citation issued by Officer Oliveira is not "the process, injunction, or other mandate of the court[.]"

There being no evidence that when Aul, on April 2, 2002, failed to appear in court, Aul violated HRS § 710-1077(1)(g) by knowingly disobeying or resisting "the process, injunction, or other mandate of a court", Aul cannot be convicted of Criminal Contempt of Court, HRS § 710-1077(1)(g).

In No. 25345 (FC-CR No. 02-1-0057), we reverse that part of the October 7, 2002 Judgment convicting Aul of an April 2, 2002 Criminal Contempt of Court, HRS § 710-1077(1)(g).

On the briefs:
 

Jennifer S. Winn,
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney,
County of Kauai,
  for Plaintiff-Appellee.

Edward K. Harada,
Deputy Public Defender,
  for Defendant-Appellant.

1.    In each of the three cases, the court filed an Amended Judgment on November 7, 2002 that amended the October 7, 2002 Judgment to correct the date on which Defendant was required to appear at a proof of compliance hearing from June 3, 2002 to June 3, 2003.

2.    Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 709-906 (Supp. 2003) states, in relevant part, as follows: