IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF HAWAI`I
---- o0o ----
MYLES S. BREINER, Petitioner,
vs.
NO. 27889
PETITION FOR WRIT OF PROHIBITION
SEPTEMBER 22, 2006
MOON,
C.J., LEVINSON, NAKAYAMA, INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
JUDGE WATANABE, IN PLACE
OF ACOBA, J., RECUSED, AND CIRCUIT JUDGE
HARA, IN PLACE OF DUFFY, J., RECUSED
(1)
Disciplinary Counsel shall forthwith remove
Sunderland from further participation in any investigation involving
Breiner;
(2)
Disciplinary Counsel shall assign other assistant
disciplinary counsel, within the time specified infra, to review the
files
and make recommendations for ODC Case Nos. 6889 and 8117, as more
specifically set out below;
(3)
Disciplinary Counsel shall, in light of this opinion
and within a reasonable time hereafter, review the propriety or
appropriateness of
Sunderland's claims for compensation with regard to the investigations
of ODC Case Nos.
6889 and
8117; and
(4)
Disciplinary Counsel and the Disciplinary Board
shall propose, within 180 days after the date of this opinion,
Disciplinary Board
and/or Supreme Court rules concerning (a) the scope of disciplinary
investigations, including,
but not
limited to, subject matters that may permissibly be investigated or
discovered in relation to a complaint or
grievance and
(b) the means by which an attorney who is the subject of a disciplinary
investigation or proceeding
may seek protective
orders from the Disciplinary Board and this court.
Breiner is the subject of two attorney discipline grievances. Sunderland is the Special Assistant Disciplinary Counsel assigned to investigate both grievances. The grievances and the course of each investigation are summarized below.
A. Martinelli Investigation (ODC Case No. 6889)
In a letter received at the ODC on March 10, 2000, Robert Martinelli stated he was indicted for a federal drug offense in August 1996, and Breiner was appointed to represent him. According to Martinelli, Breiner advised that it would be expensive to fight the case, the court did not pay enough, and Breiner said he would provide a better defense if Martinelli privately retained him. Martinelli related that he was then incarcerated and agreed to have his girlfriend meet Breiner and give Breiner a $5,000 check. Breiner took the money to handle Martinelli's case and "said words to the effect of 'okay, I'll use this for investigating your case and I'll stay on as your court-appointed attorney, but don't tell anyone about this.'" Martinelli said there was no retainer agreement and that Breiner "kept saying he needed more money . . . while he was still court-appointed." Martinelli complained that he wanted his money back.
On March 10, 2000, Assistant Disciplinary Counsel Brian Means copied Martinelli's letter to Breiner and asked Breiner to respond. Breiner responded by letter dated March 15, 2000. (1) Breiner acknowledged that he was appointed to represent Martinelli in the federal case. Breiner explained that, in response to questions from Martinelli, Breiner had told Martinelli that it made no difference whether Breiner was court-appointed or privately retained. According to Breiner, Martinelli insisted Breiner would do a better job if he were privately retained, a common misconception among criminal defendants. In sum, Breiner said he acquiesced to Martinelli's request and took $5,000 as a fee. Breiner deposited the check into his clients' trust account on September 23, 1996.
According to information provided for this proceeding, a plea agreement resulted in the dismissal of the Martinelli indictment on February 27, 1997. On March 4, 1997, Breiner transferred the $5,000 from his clients' trust account into his business account. Breiner did not seek payment from the federal government for his services as court-appointed counsel.
Sometime after Breiner submitted his March 15, 2000 written response to Martinelli's letter, Sunderland took over the investigation. By letter dated November 20, 2003, Sunderland scheduled a meeting with Breiner for November 26, 2003. Sunderland required that Breiner bring with him financial records related to Martinelli and Martinelli's complete, original file. Breiner asserts he and his attorney met with Sunderland and produced Breiner's financial records.
Twenty-six months later, on January 27, 2006, Sunderland wrote to Breiner's attorney and asked for Breiner's responses to twenty-six questions regarding details about Breiner's actions in the Martinelli case, whether Breiner had complied with the Hawai`i Rules of Professional Conduct (HRPC), whether Breiner admitted any ethical violations, and whether Breiner claimed any mitigating factors.
To date, the ODC has neither formally charged Breiner nor dismissed the Martinelli grievance.
B. Barut Investigation (ODC Case No. 8117)
By letter dated June 25, 2004, Sunderland informed Breiner that Vanessa Barut had "filed" a "complaint" with ODC concerning "fees allegedly owed." A copy of Barut's complaint does not appear to have been provided with Sunderland's letter to Breiner, and it has not been provided to this court. Sunderland's letter asked Breiner to "provide . . . a complete copy of the original file for Ms. Barut." (Emphases in the original.)
Sunderland's June 25, 2004 letter required Breiner, among other things, to identify accounts where he deposited money received from Barut and to submit: (1) copies of deposit slips used to deposit Barut's funds; (2) cash receipt and disbursement journals; (3) a subsidiary ledger; (4) any retainer or compensation agreement; (5) billing statements; (6) records of payments to attorneys, investigators, or others; (7) check books; (8) check stubs; (9) bank statements; (10) pre-numbered cancelled checks; (11) monthly trust account reconciliations; and (12) all records showing a listing of client trust accounts, including names and account balances from 1996. In addition, the letter required Breiner to provide copies of all records related to Barut's case. Breiner responded by letter dated July 7, 2004. Breiner's response identified the nature of the federal criminal charges against Barut, the circumstances under which Breiner was retained, Breiner's understanding of his fee agreement with Barut, the results of the case, subsequent agreements with regard to the application of a posted bond to his fee, and the circumstances of Breiner's withdrawal from the case. Breiner's response also included copies of documents referred to in the letter. On September 10, 2004, Breiner wrote to ODC, seeking guidance about how to handle a check from the United States District Court in the amount of the disputed attorney's fees. The check represented proceeds from bail deposited by Breiner for Barut in that court. On September 17, 2004, an Assistant Disciplinary Counsel advised Breiner that the funds should be placed in Breiner's "client trust account pending resolution of the fee dispute" and noted that the fee dispute might be resolved by interpleader in the United States District Court.
By letter dated November 5, 2004, Sunderland sought detailed answers to seventeen additional questions related to Breiner's representation of Barut, many of which had nothing to do with Barut's fee complaint. Breiner's January 12, 2005 response acknowledged a flat fee retainer agreement but stated that Barut had offered to pay additional money when she realized the amount of work needed. Breiner's January 12, 2005 letter also set out a response to each of Sunderland's seventeen enumerated questions.
On March 22, 2005, Sunderland asked Breiner to respond to twenty-four additional questions. Breiner responded on May 19, 2005, and, thereafter, Sunderland sought additional information by telephone on June 23, 2005. Breiner responded on August 26, 2005.
On October 10, 2005, Sunderland sought responses to twenty-nine additional questions. Breiner responded to each question by letter dated January 19, 2006.
On January 26, 2006, Sunderland sent to Breiner one hundred additional questions, many with multiple sub-questions, and, on February 3, 2006, Sunderland forwarded two more questions.
To date, ODC has neither formally charged Breiner nor dismissed the Barut grievance.
C. Breiner's attorney seeks supervision
On March 20, 2006, Breiner's attorney wrote to the Chief Disciplinary Counsel, Carole Richelieu, complaining of Sunderland's "oppressive and overreaching behaviors." Breiner's attorney demanded that Richelieu "rein in Ms. Sunderland and establish written guidelines for the proper scope of any 'investigations[,]' . . . clear limitations[,] both in terms of time periods and subject matters that she will be allowed to inquire into[,] and a review procedure for attorneys who may object to and be aggrieved by her overly zealous conduct."
On April 13, 2006, Richelieu responded that Sunderland's "requests for information seem appropriate, focused, and necessary to conclude complex investigations into serious allegations of misconduct by clients[.]"
II. REVIEW BY WRIT OF MANDAMUS OR PROHIBITION
On April 17, 2006, Breiner petitioned for a writ of prohibition, naming Sunderland and the ODC as respondents. Breiner asks this court to:
(1) restrict Sunderland's conduct in the two ongoing ODC investigations and all future investigations involving Breiner;
(2)
order the investigation to proceed in a timely and
reasonable manner with limitations for time periods and subject
matters; and
(3) order ODC to establish written guidelines for the proper scope of the investigations.
On June 7, 2006, this court ordered Sunderland and ODC (Respondents) to answer the petition. Respondents answered on July 6, 2006; Breiner replied on July 18, 2006.
III. DISCUSSION
Respondents argue that Breiner's petition should be denied because:
(A) Breiner cannot establish a clear and indisputable right to relief;
(B) under the doctrine of primary jurisdiction, this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction;
(C) Breiner lacks standing to bring this action at this time; and
(D)
existing rules, policies, and procedures already
establish guidelines for the scope of investigations and a review
procedure.
We reject Respondents' arguments.
"The [ODC] and the Disciplinary Board are creatures of this court, created pursuant to the court's inherent and constitutional authority to regulate the practice of law." In re Disciplinary Board, 91 Hawai`i 363, 368, 984 P.2d 688, 693 (1999). The ODC and the Board are tasked "to carry out this court's authority to investigate, prosecute, dispose of, or make recommendations about attorney disciplinary matters." Id. at 368-69, 984 P.2d at 693-94. As an agent of this court, the ODC can act only within the authority granted by this court, and separation of powers concerns do not require that we give the ODC the kind of deference given to legislatively created administrative agencies. Cf. Cariglia v. Bar Counsel, 813 N.E.2d 498, 503 (Mass. 2004) (bar counsel's discretion to investigate and prosecute is not subject to the same deference as is given a criminal or regulatory prosecutor in the executive branch).
Disciplinary Counsel's duties are owed to the supreme court, and Disciplinary Counsel's powers to investigate disciplinary grievances are granted by court rule. See Rules of the Supreme Court of Hawai`i (RSCH) Rules 2.6(b)(2) and 2.7; In re Disciplinary Board, 91 Hawai`i at 369, 984 P.2d at 674. RSCH Rule 2.6(b)(2) (2) authorizes Disciplinary Counsel "[t]o investigate all matters involving alleged misconduct[.]" RSCH Rule 2.7(a) (3) outlines procedures for investigating and taking action regarding attorneys against whom grievances have been submitted. Although we prefer that ODC operate under Disciplinary Board supervision without our intervention, we have the responsibility and duty to regulate and direct the actions of the Disciplinary Board and the ODC, and, when a proven need to do so arises, we will not hesitate to exercise our responsibilities and duties. Cf. In re N.P., 361 N.W.2d 386, 392 (Minn. 1985) (Although it was "not always clear whether petitioner [was] seeking a writ of prohibition or a writ of mandamus[,]" the court had "original jurisdiction to issue either writ" because the action seeking restraint of the Director of the Lawyers Professional Responsibility Board arose "from the attorney disciplinary process.").
In response to Breiner's petition, Respondents cite to the processes for reviewing reports and recommendations for discipline, set forth in Disciplinary Board (DB) Rules 3(c) and (d) and RSCH Rule 2.7(c) (formal hearing) and (d) (review by Board and Supreme Court), as providing appropriate avenues for review. DB Rule 3 provides in relevant part:
Initiation of Investigations; Cases in Which Counsel is Disqualified.
. . . .
(c) Motion to Disqualify Counsel. If the respondent moves to disqualify Counsel, the matter shall be heard by the Chairperson of the Board. In the event Counsel is disqualified, the last two sentences of paragraph (b) of this rule apply.[ (4)]
(d) Complaints Against Board Members or Counsel. Complaints filed against lawyer members of the Board or Counsel shall be handled in the following manner:
(1) The original complaint shall be immediately forwarded to the Chairperson of the Board for initial review and analysis.
(2) If the Chairperson of
the Board determines that the complaint falls outside the jurisdiction
of the Board under [RSCH] Rule 2 or that
sufficient information is
not contained in the complaint
to allow a meaningful investigation, the Chairperson of the Board shall
promptly notify the
complainant that no investigation will be undertaken or that further
information is needed before
an
investigation may be
undertaken
(4) In
investigating the complaint, the hearing committee member or officer
appointed by the
Chairperson of the Board shall request
written and/or verbal input
from the complaining party and
the party complained against as deemed necessary. Also, the hearing
committee member or officer
may utilize directly the services of investigators employed at the
Office of Disciplinary Counsel
(ODC)
to conduct interviews and
to obtain other information needed to properly evaluate the
complaint.
(5) The hearing
committee member or officer shall, based on information acquired during
the
investigation, prepare and forward to the
Chairperson of the
Board a recommendation concerning the
merits of the complaint.
(6) The
Chairperson of the Board shall affirm or modify the recommendation of
the hearing
committee member or officer, or shall remand
the matter to the
hearing committee member or officer
for further investigation.
(7) The
Chairperson of the Board shall, upon affirming or modifying the
recommendation of the
hearing committee member or officer,
promptly notify the
parties of the decision.
(8) If the
decision of the Chairperson of the Board is that an Informal Admonition
should be
imposed, the Chairperson shall impose the
Admonition in accordance
with DB 9.
(9) If the
decision of the Chairperson of the Board is that formal disciplinary
proceeding should
be commenced, the Board shall appoint
Special Assistant
Disciplinary Counsel to present the case
pursuant to [RSCH] Rules 2.7(c) and (d). In addition, where formal
disciplinary proceedings
are
brought against a lawyer member of the Board, other Board members may
recuse themselves if
appropriate and appointment
of ad hoc members of the Board shall, if necessary, be undertaken
pursuant to [RSCH] Rule 2.4(c).
(10) If a complaint
is filed against the Chairperson of the Board, the Vice Chairperson of
the
Board (and, upon absence, disability, or
disqualification of
the Vice Chairperson, the Secretary
of the Board) shall undertake the duties of the Chairperson described
above.
(11) Upon final
completion of the investigation or proceeding, all files in the case
shall be
forwarded to ODC, which shall maintain a
permanent
record of the matter in accordance with
procedures established by the Board.
(Footnotes added.) DB Rules 3(c) and (d), in the circumstances presented by this petition, are insufficient to curb an abusive or otherwise improper investigation. First, although a motion to disqualify Sunderland under DB Rule 3(c) might have been appropriate, Breiner's attorney has demonstrated that the filing of such a motion would have been futile. Breiner's attorney provided evidence that a previous attempt to seek the Disciplinary Board Chair's review of Sunderland's actions in a disciplinary case involving another attorney was rejected by the Disciplinary Board Chair. In that instance, the Disciplinary Board Chair responded that the "request to have Ms. Sunderland removed from [the] case [was] misdirected to me (or any other member of the Disciplinary Board). The responsibility for assignment to particular cases lies with Chief Disciplinary Counsel . . . and it is the Chief Disciplinary Counsel's responsibility to remove her . . . if warranted."
Eric A. Seitz, Lawrence
I. Kawasaki, and Ronald
N. W. Kim, for petitioner
Myles S. Breiner
Russell A. Suzuki,
Deputy Attorney General,
for Respondents Magali V.
Sunderland and Office of
Disciplinary Counsel
1. With regard to the
investigations discussed
herein, Breiner has at times acted pro se and at other times
has been
represented by attorneys David J. Gierlach, David F. Klein, or Eric A.
Seitz.
2. Specifically, RSCH Rule
2.6(b)(2) states in
relevant part:
(b) Counsel shall have the power and duty:
. . . .
(2) To investigate all matters involving alleged misconduct called to his or her attention whether by complaint or otherwise.
(Bold emphases in original.)
(Bolded
emphases in original.)
4. The last two sentences of DB
Rule 3(b)
state:
The Chairperson of the Board shall immediately review the matter and, unless he or she concludes that the matter should be summarily dismissed, shall appoint Special Assistant Disciplinary Counsel to discharge the powers and duties of Counsel in the particular matter, including the procedures set forth in paragraph (d)(4) of this rule. Any conclusion by the Chairperson of the Board that the matter should be summarily dismissed shall be promptly communicated by the Chairperson of the Board to the complainant and the respondent without further Board action.
5. RSCH Rule 2.1, Jurisdiction, states:
Nothing herein contained shall be construed to deny to any court such powers as are necessary for that court to maintain control over proceedings conducted before it, such as the power of contempt, nor to prohibit any voluntary bar association from censuring a member or suspending or expelling a member from membership in the association.
6. Specifically, HRPC Rule 8.4(d) states:
It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to:
. . . .
(d) fail to cooperate during the course of an ethics investigation or disciplinary proceedings.
(Bold emphases in original.)